What is Gynaecomastia?

Gynecomastia is the abnormal enlargement of breast tissue in males, often due to a hormonal imbalance between estrogen and testosterone. It can appear during infancy, puberty, or adulthood. Though usually harmless, it may cause emotional or physical discomfort. Causes include hormonal changes, medications, or medical conditions. Treatment includes observation, medication, or surgery.

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Identifying the Signs

Gynecomastia is generally not linked to breast cancer

Gynecomastia is a benign male breast enlargement due to hormonal imbalance, typically unrelated to cancer, but has key distinctions.

Your doctor may run tests to rule out breast cancer

But your healthcare provider may conduct some tests and examine you to rule out the possibility of breast cance

It's rare for people with a penis to get breast cancer

While breast cancer in men is uncommon, gynecomastia is a more frequent condition involving benign breast tissue growth

Types

Types of Gynecomastia Surgeries

Swollen breasts in youth may resolve naturally as hormones stabilize. If gynecomastia persists, male breast reduction surgery is the primary treatment, using modern, less invasive techniques

Liposuction:

A minimally invasive procedure where a thin cannula (needle) is inserted through a small incision near the nipple-areolar complex to remove excess fat. Advanced techniques such as laser or VASER (ultrasound-assisted) liposuction may be used to enhance fat removal.

Gland Excision:

A small incision is made around the areola to remove glandular tissue with a scalpel. This technique is preferred when the fat has developed into firm glands that cannot be effectively removed through suction alone.

Causes

Hormone Level Tests

A blood sample is taken to measure hormone levels, which can help identify hormonal imbalances contributing to gynecomastia.

Mammogram

Typically used for breast cancer screening, a mammogram can detect microcalcifications or solid masses in the breast tissue, helping rule out other conditions

Imaging Tests

Procedures such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT scans, or MRI scans provide detailed images of the enlarged breasts to evaluate the tissue composition and differentiate between fatty tissue and glandular growth.

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