What is Gynaecomastia?

Gynecomastia, commonly known as “man boobs,” refers to the abnormal enlargement of breast gland tissue in males. This condition typically results from an imbalance between the hormones estrogen and testosterone, leading to the development of excess breast tissue. Gynecomastia can occur at various stages of life, including infancy, puberty, or later adulthood. While it is usually benign, it may cause discomfort or emotional distress. Common causes include hormonal changes, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment options vary, ranging from observation for mild cases to medication or surgery for more severe cases to reduce breast size and alleviate symptoms.

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Identifying the Signs

Gynecomastia is generally not linked to breast cancer

Gynecomastia is generally not linked to breast cancer, as it is a benign condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of breast tissue in males due to hormonal imbalances. However, there are some important distinctions

Your doctor may run tests to rule out breast cancer

But your healthcare provider may conduct some tests and examine you to rule out the possibility of breast cance

It's rare for people with a penis to get breast cancer

While breast cancer in men is uncommon, gynecomastia is a more frequent condition involving benign breast tissue growth

Types

Types of Gynecomastia Surgeries

In some cases, swollen breasts in young individuals may resolve on their own as hormonal levels stabilize during growth. However, if gynecomastia persists into adulthood, surgery—also known as gynecomastia surgery or male breast reduction surgery—becomes the primary treatment option. Traditionally, gynecomastia surgery involved open procedures with extensive incisions, which carried higher risks. Today, surgeons often prefer one or a combination of the following modern methods

Liposuction:

A minimally invasive procedure where a thin cannula (needle) is inserted through a small incision near the nipple-areolar complex to remove excess fat. Advanced techniques such as laser or VASER (ultrasound-assisted) liposuction may be used to enhance fat removal.

Gland Excision:

A small incision is made around the areola to remove glandular tissue with a scalpel. This technique is preferred when the fat has developed into firm glands that cannot be effectively removed through suction alone.

Causes

Hormone Level Tests

A blood sample is taken to measure hormone levels, which can help identify hormonal imbalances contributing to gynecomastia.

Mammogram

Typically used for breast cancer screening, a mammogram can detect microcalcifications or solid masses in the breast tissue, helping rule out other conditions

Imaging Tests

Procedures such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT scans, or MRI scans provide detailed images of the enlarged breasts to evaluate the tissue composition and differentiate between fatty tissue and glandular growth.

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